Products of root Chukovsky. Korney Chukovsky

1
Good Doctor Aibolit!
He sits under a tree.
Come to him for treatment.
Both the cow and the wolf
And a bug, and a worm,
And a bear!
Heal everyone, heal
Good Doctor Aibolit!

2
And the fox came to Aibolit:
"Oh, I got stung by a wasp!"

And the watchdog came to Aibolit:
“A chicken pecked on my nose!”

Remember, Murochka, in the country
In our hot puddle
The tadpoles danced
The tadpoles splashed
The tadpoles dived
They messed around, tumbled.
And the old toad
Like a grandmother
I was sitting on the couch
Knitted stockings
And said in a bass voice:
- Sleep!
- Oh, grandmother, dear grandmother,
Let us play some more.

Part one.JOURNEY TO THE LAND OF MONKEYS

There lived a doctor. He was kind. His name was Aibolit. And he had an evil sister, whose name was Varvara.

More than anything, the doctor loved animals. Hares lived in his room. There was a squirrel in his closet. A prickly hedgehog lived on the sofa. White mice lived in the chest.

Korney Ivanovich Chukovsky(1882-1969) - Soviet storyteller, poet, literary critic, translator, best known primarily for children fairy tales V poetry.

Poems by Korney Chukovsky left an indelible impression on all who had the pleasure of their read. Adults and children instantly became devoted fans of talent Chukovsky on for a long time. Tales of Korney Chukovsky teach virtue, friendship, and remain in the memory of people of all ages for a long time.

On our website you can find online read Chukovsky's fairy tales and enjoy them absolutely for free.

Chukovsky's fairy tales can be read from early childhood. Chukovsky's poems with fairy-tale motifs are excellent children's works, famous for a huge number of bright and memorable characters, kind and charismatic, instructive and at the same time loved by children.

Without exception, all children love to read Chukovsky's poems, and what can I say, adults also remember with pleasure the beloved heroes of Korney Chukovsky's fairy tales. And even if you do not read them to your baby, a meeting with the author in kindergarten at matinees or at school in the classroom will definitely take place. In this section, Chukovsky's fairy tales can be read immediately on the site, or you can download any of the works in .doc or .pdf formats.

About Korney Ivanovich Chukovsky

Korney Ivanovich Chukovsky was born in 1882 in St. Petersburg. At birth, he was given a different name: Nikolai Vasilievich Korneichukov. The boy was illegitimate, for which life put him in difficult situations more than once. His father left the family when Nikolai was still very young, and he and his mother moved to Odessa. However, failures awaited him there too: the future writer was expelled from the gymnasium, since he came “from the bottom”. Life in Odessa was not sweet for the whole family, the children were often malnourished. Nikolai nevertheless showed strength of character and passed the exams, preparing for them on his own.

Chukovsky published his very first article in Odessa News, and already in 1903, two years after the first publication, the young writer went to London. There he lived for several years, working as a correspondent and studying English literature. After returning to his homeland, Chukovsky publishes his own journal, writes a book of memoirs, and by 1907 becomes famous in literary circles, though not yet as a writer, but as a critic. Korney Chukovsky spent a lot of effort on writing works about other authors, some of them are quite famous, namely, about Nekrasov, Blok, Akhmatova and Mayakovsky, about Dostoevsky, Chekhov and Sleptsov. These publications contributed to the literary fund, but did not bring fame to the author.

Poems of Chukovsky. The beginning of the career of a children's poet

Nevertheless, Korney Ivanovich remained in the memory as a children's writer, it was Chukovsky's children's poems that made his name in history for many years. The author began to write fairy tales quite late. The first fairy tale by Korney Chukovsky is a Crocodile, was written in 1916. Moidodyr and the Cockroach came out only in 1923.

Not many people know that Chukovsky was an excellent child psychologist, he knew how to feel and understand children, he described all his observations and knowledge in detail and cheerfully in a special book “From Two to Five”, which was first published in 1933. In 1930, having experienced several personal tragedies, the writer began to devote most of his time to writing memoirs and translating works by foreign authors.

In the 1960s, Chukovsky got excited about the idea of ​​presenting the Bible in a childish way. Other writers were involved in the work, but the first edition of the book was completely destroyed by the authorities. Already in the 21st century, this book was published, and you can find it under the title “ tower of babel and other biblical traditions. The writer spent the last days of his life at his dacha in Peredelkino. There he met with children, read them his own poems and fairy tales, invited famous people.

Korney Ivanovich Chukovsky(1882-1969) - Russian and Soviet poet, critic, literary critic, translator, publicist, known primarily for children's fairy tales in verse and prose. One of the first Russian researchers of the phenomenon of mass culture. Readers are best known as a children's poet. Father of the writers Nikolai Korneevich Chukovsky and Lydia Korneevna Chukovskaya.

Korney Ivanovich Chukovsky(1882-1969). Korney Ivanovich Chukovsky (Nikolai Ivanovich Korneichukov) was born on March 31 (old style 19), 1882 in St. Petersburg.

In his metric was the name of the mother - Ekaterina Osipovna Korneichukova; followed by the entry - "illegitimate".

Father, St. Petersburg student Emmanuil Levenson, in whose family Chukovsky's mother was a servant, three years after the birth of Kolya left her, son and daughter Marusya. They moved south to Odessa, lived very poorly.

Nikolai studied at the Odessa gymnasium. In the Odessa gymnasium, he met and became friends with Boris Zhitkov, in the future also a famous children's writer. Chukovsky often went to Zhitkov's house, where he used the rich library collected by Boris's parents. From the fifth grade of the gymnasium Chukovsky was expelled when, by special decree (known as the "cook's children decree") educational establishments exempted from children of "low" origin.

The mother's earnings were so meager that they were barely enough to somehow make ends meet. But the young man did not give up, he studied on his own and passed the exams, receiving a matriculation certificate.

be interested in poetry Chukovsky started with early years: wrote poems and even poems. And in 1901 his first article appeared in the newspaper Odessa News. He wrote articles on a variety of topics - from philosophy to feuilletons. In addition, the future children's poet kept a diary, which was his friend throughout his life.

From adolescence Chukovsky led a working life, read a lot, independently studied English and French. In 1903, Korney Ivanovich went to St. Petersburg with the firm intention of becoming a writer. He traveled to the editorial offices of magazines and offered his works, but was refused everywhere. This did not stop Chukovsky. He met many writers, got used to life in St. Petersburg and finally found a job for himself - he became a correspondent for the Odessa News newspaper, where he sent his materials from St. Petersburg. Finally, life rewarded him for his inexhaustible optimism and faith in his abilities. He was sent by Odessa News to London, where he improved his English.

In 1903 he married a twenty-three-year-old woman from Odessa, the daughter of an accountant in a private firm, Maria Borisovna Goldfeld. The marriage was unique and happy. Of the four children born in their family (Nikolai, Lydia, Boris and Maria), only two older children lived a long life - Nikolai and Lydia, who later became writers themselves. The youngest daughter Masha died in childhood from tuberculosis. Son Boris died in the war in 1941; another son, Nikolai, also fought, participated in the defense of Leningrad. Lidia Chukovskaya (born 1907) lived a long and hard life, subjected to repression, survived the execution of her husband, outstanding physicist Matthew Bronstein.

In England Chukovsky travels with his wife, Maria Borisovna. Here, the future writer spent a year and a half, sending his articles and notes to Russia, and also almost daily visiting the free reading room of the British Museum library, where he read avidly English writers, historians, philosophers, publicists, those who helped him develop his own style, which later called "paradoxical and witty." He gets to know

Arthur Conan Doyle, Herbert Wells, other English writers.

In 1904 Chukovsky returned to Russia and became a literary critic, publishing his articles in St. Petersburg magazines and newspapers. At the end of 1905, he organized (with a subsidy from L. V. Sobinov) a weekly journal of political satire, Signal. For bold caricatures and anti-government poetry, he was even arrested. And in 1906 he became a permanent contributor to the magazine "Scales". By this time he was already familiar with A. Blok, L. Andreev A. Kuprin and other figures of literature and art. Later, Chukovsky resurrected the living features of many cultural figures in his memoirs (Repin. Gorky. Mayakovsky. Bryusov. Memoirs, 1940; From Memoirs, 1959; Contemporaries, 1962). And nothing seemed to foretell that Chukovsky would become a children's writer. In 1908, he published essays on contemporary writers "From Chekhov to the present day", in 1914 - "Faces and Masks".

Gradually name Chukovsky becomes widely known. His sharp critical articles and essays were published in periodicals, and later compiled the books From Chekhov to the Present Day (1908), Critical Stories (1911), Faces and Masks (1914), Futurists (1922).

In 1906, Korney Ivanovich arrived in the Finnish town of Kuokkala, where he made a close acquaintance with the artist Repin and the writer Korolenko. The writer also maintained contacts with N.N. Evreinov, L.N. Andreev, A.I. Kuprin, V.V. Mayakovsky. All of them subsequently became characters in his memoirs and essays, and Chukokkala's home handwritten almanac, in which dozens of celebrities left their creative autographs - from Repin to A.I. Solzhenitsyn, - over time turned into an invaluable cultural monument. Here he lived for about 10 years. From the combination of the words Chukovsky and Kuokkala, “Chukokkala” was formed (invented by Repin) - the name of a handwritten humorous almanac that Korney Ivanovich kept up to last days own life.

In 1907 Chukovsky published translations by Walt Whitman. The book became popular, which increased Chukovsky's fame in the literary environment. Chukovsky becomes an influential critic, smashes tabloid literature (articles about A. Verbitskaya, L. Charskaya, the book "Nat Pinkerton and Modern Literature", etc.) Chukovsky's sharp articles were published in periodicals, and then compiled the book "From Chekhov to the Present Day" (1908 ), Critical Stories (1911), Faces and Masks (1914), Futurists (1922) and others. Chukovsky is Russia's first researcher of "mass culture". Chukovsky's creative interests were constantly expanding, his work eventually acquired an increasingly universal, encyclopedic character.

The family lives in Kuokkala until 1917. They already have three children - Nikolai, Lydia (later both became famous writers, and Lydia also became a well-known human rights activist) and Boris (died at the front in the first months of the Great Patriotic War). In 1920, already in St. Petersburg, the daughter Maria was born (Mura - she was the "heroine" of many of Chukovsky's children's poems), who died in 1931 from tuberculosis.

In 1916, at the invitation of Gorky Chukovsky heads the children's department of the Parus publishing house. Then he himself begins to write poetry for children, and then prose. Poetic tales " Crocodile"(1916)," Moidodyr" And " cockroach"(1923)," Fly Tsokotukha"(1924)," Barmaley"(1925)," Telephone"(1926)" Aibolit"(1929) - remain the favorite reading of several generations of children. However, in the 20s and 30s. they were severely criticized for being "unprincipled" and "formalistic"; there was even the term "Chukovshchina".

In 1916 Chukovsky became a war correspondent for the newspaper "Rech" in the UK, France, Belgium. Returning to Petrograd in 1917, Chukovsky received an offer from M. Gorky to become the head of the children's department of the Parus publishing house. Then he began to pay attention to the speech and struggles of young children and write them down. He kept such records for the rest of his life. From them, the famous book “From Two to Five” was born, which was first published in 1928 under the title “Little Children. Children's language. Ekikiki. Stupid absurdities” and only in the 3rd edition the book was called “From two to five”. The book has been reprinted 21 times and replenished with each new edition.

And after many years Chukovsky again acted as a linguist - he wrote a book about the Russian language "Alive as life" (1962), where he evilly and witty fell upon bureaucratic clichés, at the "clerk".

In general, in the 10s - 20s. Chukovsky dealt with a variety of topics that one way or another found continuation in his further literary activity. It was then (on the advice of Korolenko) that he turns to the work of Nekrasov, publishes several books about him. Through his efforts, the first Soviet collection of Nekrasov's poems with scientific comments (1926) was published. And as a result of many years research work was the book "Skill Nekrasov" (1952), for which in 1962 the author receives the Lenin Prize.

In 1916 Chukovsky became a war correspondent for the newspaper "Rech" in the UK, France, Belgium. Returning to Petrograd in 1917, Chukovsky received an offer from M. Gorky to become the head of the children's department of the Parus publishing house. Then he began to pay attention to the speech and struggles of young children and write them down. He kept such records for the rest of his life. From them, the famous book “From Two to Five” was born, which was first published in 1928 under the title “Little Children. Children's language. Ekikiki. Stupid absurdities” and only in the 3rd edition the book was called “From two to five”. The book has been reprinted 21 times and replenished with each new edition.

Back in 1919, the first work was published Chukovsky about the skill of translation - "Principles of Literary Translation". This problem has always remained in the focus of his attention - evidence of this is the book "The Art of Translation" (1930, 1936), "High Art" (1941, 1968). He himself was one of the best translators- opened for the Russian reader Whitman (who also dedicated the study "My Whitman"), Kipling, Wilde. He translated Shakespeare, Chesterton, Mark Twain, O Henry, Arthur Conan Doyle, retold Robinson Crusoe, Baron Munchausen, many biblical stories and Greek myths for children.

Chukovsky also studied Russian literature of the 1860s, the work of Shevchenko, Chekhov, Blok. IN last years In his lifetime, he published essay articles on Zoshchenko, Zhitkov, Akhmatova, Pasternak and many others.

In 1957 Chukovsky was awarded academic degree Doctor of Philology, at the same time, on the occasion of his 75th birthday, he was awarded the Order of Lenin. And in 1962 he received an honorary Doctorate of Literature from the University of Oxford.

The complexity of Chukovsky's life - on the one hand, a well-known and recognized Soviet writer, on the other - a man who did not forgive the authorities for many things, did not accept much, was forced to hide his views, constantly worrying about his "dissident" daughter - all this was revealed to the reader only after the publication of diaries the writer, where dozens of pages were torn out, and not a word was said about some years (like 1938).

In 1958 Chukovsky turned out to be the only Soviet writer who congratulated Boris Pasternak on being awarded the Nobel Prize; after this seditious visit to his neighbor in Peredelkino, he was forced to write a humiliating explanation.

In the 1960s K. Chukovsky also started a retelling of the Bible for children. He attracted writers and writers to this project, and carefully edited their work. The project itself was very difficult, due to the anti-religious position of the Soviet government. The book entitled "The Tower of Babel and Other Ancient Legends" was published by the publishing house "Children's Literature" in 1968. However, the entire circulation was destroyed by the authorities. The first book edition available to the reader took place in 1990.

Korney Ivanovich was one of the first to discover Solzhenitsyn, the first in the world to write an admiring review of One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich, gave the writer shelter when he fell into disgrace, and was proud of his friendship with him.

Long years Chukovsky lived in the writers' village Peredelkino near Moscow. Here he often met with children. Now there is a museum in Chukovsky's house, the opening of which was also associated with great difficulties.

In the postwar years Chukovsky often met with children in Peredelkino, where he built a country house, published essay articles about Zoshchenko, Zhitkovo, Akhmatova, Pasternak and many others. There he gathered up to one and a half thousand children around him and arranged holidays for them “Hello, summer!” and "Goodbye summer!"

Korney Ivanovich Chukovsky died on October 28, 1969 from viral hepatitis. At the dacha in Peredelkino (Moscow region), where he lived most of his life, now his museum operates there.

"Children's" poet Chukovsky

In 1916 Chukovsky compiled a collection for children "Yolka". In 1917, M. Gorky invited him to head the children's department of the Parus publishing house. Then he began to pay attention to the speech of young children and write them down. From these observations, the book From Two to Five was born (first published in 1928), which is a linguistic study of children's language and the characteristics of children's thinking.

First children's poem Crocodile» (1916) was born by chance. Korney Ivanovich and his little son were on the train. The boy was sick and, in order to distract him from suffering, Korney Ivanovich began to rhyme lines to the sound of wheels.

This poem was followed by other works for children: cockroach"(1922)," Moidodyr"(1922)," Fly Tsokotukha"(1923)," wonder tree"(1924)," Barmaley"(1925)," Telephone"(1926)," Fedorino grief"(1926)," Aibolit"(1929)," stolen sun"(1945)," Bibigon"(1945)," Thanks to Aibolit"(1955)," Fly in the bath» (1969)

It was fairy tales for children that became the reason for the beginning in the 30s. bullying Chukovsky, the so-called fight against "Chukivism", initiated by N.K. Krupskaya. In 1929 he was forced to publicly renounce his fairy tales. Chukovsky was depressed by the event and could not write for a long time after that. By his own admission, since that time he has turned from an author into an editor.

For children of primary school age Chukovsky retold the ancient Greek myth of Perseus, translated English folk songs (" Barabek», « Jenny», « Kotausi and Mausi" and etc.). In the retelling of Chukovsky, the children got acquainted with "The Adventures of Baron Munchausen" by E. Raspe, "Robinson Crusoe" by D. Defoe, with "The Little Rag" by the little-known J. Greenwood; for children, Chukovsky translated Kipling's fairy tales, the works of Mark Twain. Children in Chukovsky's life have become a truly source of strength and inspiration. In his house in the village of Peredelkino near Moscow, where he finally moved in the 1950s, up to one and a half thousand children often gathered. Chukovsky arranged for them the holidays "Hello, summer" and "Farewell, summer." Talking a lot with children, Chukovsky came to the conclusion that they read too little and, having cut off a large piece of land from his summer cottage in Peredelkino, he built a library for children there. “I built a library, I want to build it for the rest of my life kindergarten", - said Chukovsky.

Prototypes

It is not known whether the heroes of fairy tales had prototypes Chukovsky. But there are quite plausible versions of the emergence of bright and charismatic characters in his children's fairy tales.

In prototypes Aibolita two characters are suitable at once, one of which was a living person, a doctor from Vilnius. His name was Tsemakh Shabad (in the Russian manner - Timofey Osipovich Shabad). Dr. Shabad, having graduated from the medical faculty of Moscow University in 1889, voluntarily went to the Moscow slums to treat the poor and the homeless. He voluntarily went to the Volga region, where, risking his life, he fought the cholera epidemic. Returning to Vilnius (at the beginning of the twentieth century - Vilna), he treated the poor for free, fed children from poor families, did not refuse help when pets were brought to him, even treated injured birds that were brought to him from the street. The writer met Shabad in 1912. He visited Dr. Shabad twice and personally called him the prototype of Dr. Aibolit in his article in Pionerskaya Pravda.

In letters, Korney Ivanovich, in particular, said: “... Doctor Shabad was very loved in the city, because he treated the poor, pigeons, cats ... A thin girl would come to him, he tells her - you want me to write you a prescription ? No, milk will help you, come to me every morning and you will get two glasses of milk. So I thought how wonderful it would be to write a fairy tale about such a kind doctor.

In the memoirs of Korney Chukovsky, another story was preserved about a little girl from a poor family. Dr. Shabad diagnosed her with systemic malnutrition and brought the little patient himself a white bun and hot broth. The next day, as a token of gratitude, the recovered girl brought her beloved cat as a gift to the doctor.

Today, a monument to Dr. Shabad is erected in Vilnius.

There is another contender for the role of Aibolit's prototype - this is Dr. Doolittle from the book of the English engineer Hugh Lofting. While at the front of the First World War, he came up with a fairy tale for children about Dr. Doolittle, who knew how to treat different animals, communicate with them and fight with his enemies - evil pirates. The story of Dr. Dolittle appeared in 1920.

For a long time it was believed that in cockroach» depicts Stalin (Cockroach) and the Stalinist regime. The temptation to draw parallels was very strong: Stalin was short, red-haired, with a lush mustache (Cockroach - "liquid-legged goat, bug", red with a large mustache). Big strong beasts obey him and are afraid of him. But The Cockroach was written in 1922, Chukovsky might not have been aware of the important role of Stalin, and, moreover, he could not portray the regime that gained strength in the thirties.

Honorary titles and awards

1957 - Awarded the Order of Lenin; awarded the degree of Doctor of Philology

1962 - Lenin Prize (for the book Nekrasov's Mastery, published in 1952); Honorary Doctorate of Letters from the University of Oxford.

Quotes

If you want to shoot a musician, insert a loaded gun into the piano on which he will play.

A children's writer should be happy.

With the help of the radio, the authorities are spreading rollicking vile songs among the population so that the population does not know either Akhmatova, or Blok, or Mandelstam.

The older the woman, the larger the bag in her hands.

Everything that the inhabitants want, they pass off as a program of the government.

When you are released from prison and you are going home, these minutes are worth living for!

The only thing that is permanent in my body is false teeth.

Freedom of speech is needed by a very limited circle of people, and the majority, even among the intelligentsia, do their job without it.

You have to live long in Russia.

Who is told to tweet, do not purr!

1
Good Doctor Aibolit!
He sits under a tree.
Come to him for treatment.
Both the cow and the wolf
And a bug, and a worm,
And a bear!
Heal everyone, heal
Good Doctor Aibolit!

2
And the fox came to Aibolit:
"Oh, I got stung by a wasp!"

And the watchdog came to Aibolit:
“A chicken pecked on my nose!”

Remember, Murochka, in the country
In our hot puddle
The tadpoles danced
The tadpoles splashed
The tadpoles dived
They messed around, tumbled.
And the old toad
Like a grandmother
I was sitting on the couch
Knitted stockings
And said in a bass voice:
- Sleep!
- Oh, grandmother, dear grandmother,
Let us play some more.

Part one.JOURNEY TO THE LAND OF MONKEYS

There lived a doctor. He was kind. His name was Aibolit. And he had an evil sister, whose name was Varvara.

More than anything, the doctor loved animals. Hares lived in his room. There was a squirrel in his closet. A prickly hedgehog lived on the sofa. White mice lived in the chest.

Korney Ivanovich Chukovsky(1882-1969) - Soviet storyteller, poet, literary critic, translator, best known primarily for children fairy tales V poetry.

Poems by Korney Chukovsky left an indelible impression on all who had the pleasure of their read. Adults and children instantly became devoted fans of talent Chukovsky for a long time. Tales of Korney Chukovsky teach virtue, friendship, and remain in the memory of people of all ages for a long time.

On our website you can find online read Chukovsky's fairy tales and enjoy them absolutely for free.

The amazing writer Korney Chukovsky devoted seventy years to literary work. Work that brought him joy. A person is happy when work for the benefit of people brings joy to the person himself.

The works of Korney Chukovsky are loved by millions of children, and, of course, adults. The author we respect was born back in 1882. For a long time? A long time ago. But his works are written so amazingly modern language that seem like they were created yesterday.

The poet got up very early and at five o'clock in the morning was already sitting at his desk. Jokingly, he spoke of himself as a working machine. I could not stand idleness. All distractions from work, such as talking on the phone, he did not like. I highly valued every working minute.

Tell me, did you ever feel sad while you were reading Chukovsky? No! Everything that comes out from under his pen is written in a “living” language, fresh, interesting.

Poems, nursery rhymes, riddles, fairy tales of Chukovsky are classics of the genre. These are works that give joy, good mood. Chukovsky had an amazing sense of humor, a sense of proportion. But he was not a hereditary intellectual. His mother was a laundress. The father left the family when the famous poet was still quite small.

Due to his "low birth" the boy was expelled from the fifth grade of the Odessa gymnasium, and then he was forced to study on his own.

At the age of sixteen, Chukovsky left home. By the way, the name Chukovsky was not given to the boy at birth. His mother's surname is Korneichukova. Having made certain transformations in it, the poet created a literary pseudonym for himself - Korney Chukovsky. But in fact his name was Nikolai Vasilyevich. But millions of readers in our country and abroad know him under the name Korney Chukovsky.

The images that Korney Ivanovich created in his books - Moidodyr, Doctor Aibolit, Cockroach, Fedora, Fly-Tsokotuha - are unusually vivid and are well remembered by children.

When a child appears in the family, the parents do not have to choose which books to choose for the baby, of course, those that they themselves read in childhood - the books of Korney Chukovsky.

« If you add up- wrote Sergey Obraztsov, - all the paths of joy that Chukovsky laid to children's hearts, the road to the moon will turn out". The writer's works: "Moydodyr", "Telephone", "Fedorino Grief", "Doctor Aibolit", "From Two to Five", an encyclopedia of children's speech, retellings of "Baron Munchausen", "Robinson Crusoe", "The Golden Key", Rudyard's translations Kipling, "Tom Sawyer", literary, critical articles - all this is getting into the top ten. By the way, Chukovsky was a critic by profession. Many writers feared his pen.

« The goal of people who write fairy tales is to “educate in a child, at any cost, the marvelous ability to worry about other people's misfortunes, to rejoice in the joys of another person”- wrote Korney Chukovsky.

He himself has seen a lot in his life. I also had to starve. But he did not lose kindness on the roads of life. He was kind himself and taught kindness to others.

Text writer: Iris Revue